When a sudden trauma damages the brain and disrupts normal brain function, it is referred to as traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results can be substantial disability or mortality. TBI may have severe detrimental effects on physical, psychological, cognitive emotional, social abilities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate and average of 1.7 million people suffer from a TBI each year. Of those, 275,000 are hospitalized and 52,000 die. Nearly 80%, or 1.365 million, are treated and released from an emergency department. […]

When the human brain strikes the inside of the skull, is shaken violently or deprived of oxygen, a non-penetrating traumatic brain injury TBI is likely to occur. The damage from a traumatic brain injury may be temporary of permanent and in varying degrees of severity ranging from mild to catastrophic. Non-penetrating TBI’s are the most prevalent form of brain injury. While some traumatic brain injuries may be mild, requiring only rest as a treatment, others may be extremely severe, leading to lifelong debilitation, physically, cognitively and emotionally, with many leading to death. The type of traumatic brain injury as well as the level of severity, determines [...]

The causes and cases of traumatic brain injury are innumerous, with motor vehicle accidents, falls and sports injuries being the most common. Recovery may occur but other serious conditions can develop days, weeks or even years after the initial trauma. Recently the news has been replete with stories regarding a condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which can develop years or even decades after sports related concussions. The after affects of TBI can be depression, personality changes including anger and rage, problems with thinking and memory, and motor skills impairment. A serious progression of neurological effects can occur following a brain injury, particularly inflammation and [...]